Non-citizen Voter Roll Investigation
The following is a compilation of proactive investigations since January 1, 2021 by election officials into the presence of noncitizens on voter rolls.
Alabama
On August 15, 2025, Secretary of State Wes Allen identified 3,251 possible noncitizens who had registered in Alabama.
In January 2026, Secretary of State Wes Allen announced that his office had found 186 noncitizens registered to vote in Alabama, 25 of whom had voted in a past election. The state has approximately 3.7 million registered voters.
186
Found
25
Voted
Arkansas
In October 2025, Secretary of State Cole Jester announced that his office had possibly found 240 noncitizens out of the approximately 1.8 million registered voters in Arkansas. Of the 240, “30 to 40 of those people are believed to have voted in an election, but Jester said … that federal and state prosecutors would investigate to confirm the number.”
240
Found
30-40
Voted
Florida
Florida created the Office of Election Crimes and Security (OECS) in 2022, which has since delivered an annual report that includes investigations into noncitizens allegedly registering and/or voting. In the January 15, 2026 report, OECS reported 198 “likely noncitizens who illegally registered and/or voted in Florida, 170 of whom were referred to law enforcement.” Florida has approximately 13.4 million registered voters.
198
Found
170
Referred
Georgia
In March 2022, Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger announced that 1,634 people “had attempted to register to vote [who] were not able to be verified [as citizens].”
In October 2024, Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger announced the results of an audit for registered noncitizens. The audit found 20 noncitizens who had allegedly illegally registered, and it marked 156 registrants for further investigation. Georgia has approximately 8.2 million registered voters. Raffensperger called Georgia “a model when it comes to preventing noncitizen voting.”
20
Found
156
Under Investigation
Idaho
In October 2024, Secretary of State Phil McGrane reported 36 “very likely” noncitizens out of the state’s approximately 1 million voters. Of the 36, “a number of them do have some form of voting history – whether it’s in local elections or some other election.”
36
Found
Iowa
In March 2025, Secretary of State Paul Pate announced the results of an audit of Iowa’s approximately 2.1 million registered voters: 277 confirmed noncitizens, of which 35 cast ballots in the November 2024 election.
277
Found
35
Voted
Louisiana
Secretary Nancy Landry announced on September 4, 2025 that her office had reviewed the state’s approximately 2.9 million registered voters and found 390 noncitizens. Of those, 79 had voted in at least one election over the past 40 years.
On March 18, 2026, the Shreveport Times reported that Landry had uncovered “403 noncitizens registered to vote in Louisiana out of a total voting pool of 2.96 million, with 83 having voted in at least one election since the 1980s.” This appears to be an updated report of the 2025 investigation.
403
Found
83
Voted
Montana
In March 2026, Secretary of State Christi Jacobsen announced that her office’s investigation of the state’s approximately 800,000 registered voters identified 23 noncitizens, who together had cast “nearly 150 ballots” in past Montana elections.
23
Found
~150
Ballots Cast
Michigan
In April 2025, Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson “released the results of a review of Michigan motor vehicle records compared to voting records in the state’s Qualified Voter File.” Benson identified “15 people who appear to be non-U.S. citizens and cast a ballot in the 2024 General Election.” Michigan had 7.2 million registered voters and 5.7 million votes in its November 2024 general election.
In January 2026, Michigan officials investigated the approximately 725,000 registered voters in Macomb County. They found four “apparent noncitizens” and four more meriting further review. At least one had previously voted.
15
Voted
North Carolina
On April 16, 2026, the State Board of Elections announced that it would soon investigate the state’s voter rolls for any noncitizens.
Ohio
Secretary of State Frank LaRose announced on September 16, 2025 that his office had found evidence of “78 noncitizen voter registrations, including nine individuals who cast potentially fraudulent votes.” Ohio has approximately 7.9 million registered voters.
LaRose issued a new press release on October 28, 2025, that his office notified the United States Department of Justice of “1,084 noncitizen individuals who appear to have registered to vote unlawfully in Ohio. This includes 167 noncitizens who appear to have also cast a ballot in a federal election.” The 1,084 number includes individuals who submitted a registration form, but never successfully registered.
1,084
Found
167
Voted
Oregon
On May 4, 2026, Secretary of State Tobias Read announced that “clerical, technical, and policy errors … resulted in 1,920 individuals being registered to vote who did not provide proof of their eligibility.” The individuals in question may or may not have been noncitizens, but had been improperly marked as having provided documented proof of citizenship. Of the 1,920, only 42 had voted in a past election. “The Elections Division opened investigations into the 42 individuals with voting records. To date, 40 cases have been closed and 2 are pending before the Secretary of State’s Office.” Since the initial report, “many” have since confirmed citizenship. Oregon has approximately 3 million registered voters.
1,920
Improperly Registered
42
Voted
Pennsylvania
In April 2026, Pennsylvania Auditor General Timothy DeFoor announced the findings of an audit of voter registration forms completed through the state’s motor vehicle division between January 1, 2024, and June 30, 2024. That period encompassed 210,905 unique voter registration forms. The auditor general found one noncitizen improperly registered, but that noncitizen had not voted.
1
Found
0
Voted
Tennessee
In the fall of 2025, Secretary of State Tre Hargett referred 42 potential noncitizen voters to the FBI. The state has approximately 4.3 million voters.
42
Potential Noncitizen Voters
Texas
On June 5, 2025, after receiving access to the federal government’s SAVE database, Secretary of State Jane Nelson announced the referral of “33 potential noncitizens who voted in the November 2024 General Election.”
In October 2025, Secretary of State Jane Nelson announced the results of an investigation of the state’s more than 18 million registered voters. The investigation found 2,724 potential noncitizens who had registered; Nelson referred the files to individual counties for further investigation.
2,724
Found
33
Voted
Utah
In January 2026, Lieutenant Governor Deidre Henderson announced the preliminary results of a review of the state’s approximately 2.1 million registered voters. The review found one noncitizen who had successfully registered, but had not voted.
Lieutenant Governor Henderson published an updated report in May 2026. The review found that 27 confirmed noncitizens and 25 “probably noncitizens” had been registered in Utah at the time of the review.
52
Found
0
Voted